Language Structure

Phonemes

• Smallest units of sound
• Each of them normally no meaning
• [EN] can be a letter, or combination of letters
  • i.e. consonant vs vowel

Morphemes

• Smallest unit that has meaning
• Formed by Phonemes
• ** Could be not a word, e.g. prefix, suffix

Lexemes

• The structural variations of morphemes
• e.g. Run vs Running = belong to the same lexeme form

Syntax

• A set of rules to construct sentence (with correct grammar)
• Can represent in Parse Tree

Context

• Form a particular meaning by various parts.
• Includes long-term reference(He → a guy mentioned in last paragraph) World Knowledge, Common Sense
• Generally, context composes of semantics & pragmatics
  • Semantics = direct meaning of the words, sentences
  • Pragmatics = external knowledge (e.g. world knowledge, common sense...)

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